Sγur Griffin-Smith Ben 
Journal of Young Investigators, uḍḍun 16, 2008

“Deg wayen yerzan tamsalt-a, xemmeγ fell-as mliḥ yerna neṣṣḥeγ imsujjiyen [iḍbiben] ad sselmaden γef yideγren deg tesdawit”. 

Awal-a yenna-t-id yiwen s uqeṣṣer, deg umazrar (série) abriṭani n taḍsa “Blackadder”. D acu kan, wid ay d-yerran lwelha-nsen γer tesnajya (médecine) n Tallit Talemmast ẓran ibexxucen (asticots), ideγren ed yibeεεac niḍen ttusseqdacen yagi seg zik i udawi. Deg tidet, imezwura ay nessen sqedcen ideγren deg udawi nitni d Imaṣriyen iqburen, yerna llan ttarran-ten i yimuḍinen akken ad asen-d-kksen idammen ixeṣren. D acu kan, γas ma yella imdanen llan sseqdacen ideγren i udawi, llan ur ẓrin, s ttbut, amek iγersiwen-a llan ttdawin aḍḍanen. Maca γas ma yella, ass-a, tasnajya tedda γer sdat, ahat ad wehmen deg-wen kra lemmer ad teẓrem ar ass-a mazal ttusseqdacen yibeεεac deg udawi, yerna, s wesnulfu ed wesnerni n tussna, asseqdec-a yezmer ad d-yeglu s waṭas n tγawsiwin ara inefεen tazmert n wemdan. 

Ibexxucen yesseḥlayen 

[Ibexxucen – asuf: abexxuc, d tiwekkiwin-nni n yizi ay yettenkaren deg weksum]

Zik, ibexxucen llan ttusseqdace i ussizdeg n yideddiyen iledyen ay yessewwen s yimikṛuben neγ wid aydeg yella weksum yemmuten. Ass-a, deg tesnajya tartar (médecine moderne), llan aṭas n yiberdan i udawi n udeddi yessewwen neγ win yesεan aksum yemmuten, d acu kan, yella yiwen n unadi ay d-ikecfen amek ay zemren ad ttusqedcen yibexxucen tikkelt niḍen i lmend n waya. 

Imsujji yesrusuy ibexxucen deg udeddi n yiwen n umuḍin

Aselmad Andrew Boulton, n Tesdawit n Manchester, iga yiwen n unadi deg tezwara n 2008, aydeg yeεreḍ ad iẓer ma nezmer ad nesseqdec ibexxucen deg udawi n yimuḍinen n sskeṛ ay yesεan ideddiyen ur nḥellu. Yuγ lḥal, kra n yimuḍinen n sskeṛ, mi ara jerḥen, ttdawin-ten s tmitisilint. D acu kan, tikkal, tettili tbaktirit n Staphylococcus aureus ay izemren ad tedder ula mi ara tettwet s tmitisilint, dγa d aya ay yettarran adeddi-nni ur iḥellu, yerna imi la ttxaṣṣan yimegludren (antibiotiques) ijehden deg yesbiṭaren, ggten yimuḍinen ay iseεεun ideddiyen am wi. 

Tarbaεt n yemnadiyen n Boulton tdiwa kra n yimuḍinen yesεan ideddiyen ur nḥellu s yibexxucen n yizi azegzaw n weksum (Lucilia sericata). Yal amuḍin yettudiwa s yibexxucen gar 2 ed 8 tikkal. 12 seg 13-nni n yimuḍinen ay yettudiwan, ḥlan yideddiyen-nsen, yerna ur yelli kra n usemdu amsin (effet indésirable). Yuγ lḥal, ibexxucen-nni llan d izedganen imi d imsujjiyen (iḍbiben) ay ten-yessefrurxen, sakkin rran-ten deg wutulen usligen (pansements spéciaux) qbel ad ten-rren γef yideddiyen n yimuḍinen-nni, imi utulen-nni d wid ara yejjen ibexxucen-nni ad gen ccγel-nsen deg udeddi n umuḍin, war ma ttwassden. 

Deg tezrawt-nni (étude) ay iga Boulton ed terbaεt-nnes, ad naf ideddiyen n yimuḍnen-nni ḥlan imi ibexxucen-nni kksen seg yideddiyen-nni aksum-nni yessewwen, am wakken ay ccan ula d aksum-nni yemmuten, dγa d aya ay yejjan ideddiyen-nni ad d-ṛebbin aksum iṣeḥḥan. S waya, iban-d ibexxucen zemren ad sseḥlun adeddi, am wakken ay zemren ad t-ssizedgen seg wammus n tbaktiryin. 

Boulton yumen adawi-a ad yenfeε seg-a ar sdat, yerna yenna-d, s uqeṣṣer, “ibexxucen d nitni ay d imcellḥen imecṭuḥen akk deg umaḍal. Bitt nezmer ad d-nini ifen imcellḥen – nitni, meqqar, ur d-sqamayen aṭas n yedrimen, yerna qeddcen 24 n tsaεtin deg wass”. Boulton yessaram adawi-a ad yeqqel yettusseqdac deg waṭas n yimukan i lmend n usseḥlu n yideddiyen aydeg tella tbaktirit n Staphylococcus ur nettmettat s tmitisilint, yerna yenna-d: “ur telli ssebba ara aγ-yekksen ur nesseqdac adawi-a i yideddiyen n wakk imukan n tfekka, ala, ahat, ideddiyen imeqranen yettḥazen imdanen deg tεebbuḍt”. 

Yuγ lḥal, asseqdec n yibexxucen deg udawi n yideddiyen ur yelli d taγawsa tamaynut. Deg tidet, εecṛa n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay d-yebda Boulton ed terbaεt-nnes ttdawin ideddiyen n yimuḍinen s yiγersiwen-a. 

D acu kan, asmi ay iger tamawt la rennun yimuḍinen yesεan ideddiyen aydeg llant tbaktiryin ur nḥellu s tmitisilint, iga tazrawt-a (étude) i wakken ad d-yessken amek ay zemren yibexxucen ad sseḥlun ula d ideddiyen ur nḥellu s usafar-a. S waya, Boulton yessekfel-d, seg yedlisen n umezruy, yiwen n udawi ay yettwattun, yerna yerra-t d win ay izemren ad yenfeε ed ad yefru yiwen n wugur d ameqran deg tesnajya (médecine). 

Tudert ed yideγren  

Ur d ibexxucen kan ay d-skeflen seg yedlisen n umezruy, akken ad ten-sqedcen deg udawi atrar (moderne), wanag ula d ideγren ulsen kecmen γer udawi n wass-a seg tezwara n yiseggasen n 1980. 

Yuγ lḥal, kra n medden, mi ara asen-yegzem kra n weḥric seg tfekka-nsen s usehwu (accident) [aḍaḍ, tifdent, atg.], ttalsen ttxiḍin-asen aḥric-nni, dγa, i wakken ad ddun yidammen deg weḥric-nni ay asen-rran, ssenṭaḍen ideγren i weḥric-nni akken ad d-summen idammen. Deg tidet, asummu-nni n yideγren d win ay yesseddayen idammen deg weḥric-nni n tfekka ay yettuxaḍen, yerna d ayen ara t-yerren itteddu am zik. Ideγren sseqdacen-ten daγen deg tririt n tiddi n yidammen deg yedmaren n kra tlawin ay igan timehlin (opérations) akken ad dawint akensir n tebbuct. 

Deg tilawt, mi ara yenṭeḍ wedγer deg weksum n wemdan, iberru-d i tnegwa ur nettajja idammen ad qqaren, i wakken idammen-nni ad kemmlen dima ad d-neγγlen i wakken ad ten-isumm netta. D acu kan, tikkal, ideγren sεan tibaktiryin ay izemren ad ḍurrent adeddi-nni. Γef waya, mi ara yettudawi wemdan s yideγren, ttakfen-as daγen imegludren (antibiotiques) i wakken ad nγen tibaktiryin-nni ay d-ssenṭaḍen yideγren, yerna ugur-a ssawlen-d fell-as s telqey kra n yemnuda deg Tesdawit n Wisconsin, deg 2001. 

D aya ay ten-yejjan ad d-snulfun “adγer akellax (sangsue artificielle)”, d yiwen n wallal n jjaj ayyes zemren ad gen ccγel-nni n wedγer war ma kecment tbaktiryin deg yidammen n umuḍin, yerna war ma iγunfa umuḍin adawi-nni-nnes. 

Seg tama niḍen, ufan-d yemnadiyen ideγren zemren ad dawin aḍḍan n tesmezzay (arthrose). Deg 2001, yiwet n terbaεt n yemnadiyen almaniyen ssawḍen ad sqedcen ideγren i udawi n tentast n tesmezzay n wafud (tagecrirt). Imnadiyen-a nnan-d ideγren, mi ara ttsummun idammen seg tfekka n wemdan, berrun-d deg yidammen n wemdan-nni tinegwa (substances) ay ittekksen aqraḥ. Yiwet n tezrawt (étude) niḍen ay d-yellan deg Teklinit n Essen-Mitte, deg Lalman, tessken-d amek imuḍinen n aḍḍan n tesmezzay stenfεen-d seg udawi s yideγren. Ma d inadiyen niḍen iban-d deg-sen γas ma yella ideγren ttεawanen ad kksen aqraḥ, maca aεiwen-nni ur yettεeḍḍil (akken ay d-tekcef tezrawt-nni tamezwarut), d acu kan, ideγren ttεawanen daγen amuḍin akken ad yessewliwel xir aḥric-nni yuḍnen n tfekka-nnes. Ass-s, ideγren la ttusseqdacen i udawi deg kra n yimukan, gar-asen asbiṭar n Beth Israel Medical Center deg New York, ay iqeblen, deg 2005, ad d-yessekcem adawi s yideγren, sdeffir ma yella-d unadi amaynut ay d-yesseknen ideγren zemren ad dawin ula d tintasin (inflammations). 

D tamuγli tamaynut  

Γas ma yella kra seg-wen zemren ad walin asseqdec n yibexxucen ed yideγren d taγawsa yessewhamen, maca, llan ahat, wiyaḍ mazal γunfan-tt, d acu kan, ur yelli ccekk, aya d ayen ara iledyen abrid i waṭas n yinadiyen imaynuten deg udawi, seg-a ar sdat. Yuγ lḥal, ma tesmeεnem mliḥ tamuγli deg tussna tatrart (moderne), ad tafem mazal aṭas n tγawsiwin inefεen ara d-nessekfel seg ugama. Γas ma yella asseqdec n yibexxucen ed yideγren deg udawi, ass-a, ur icaε akken yella zik, maca asnulfu n wedγer akellax (artificial) d ayen ay d-yesskanayen amek ay nezmer ad nesnerni ayen ay d-yekfa ugama ed ad t-nessezg akken ara yeffeγ fell-aγ. Yuγ lḥal, ula d ljiran-nneγ imecṭuḥen wukud nedder deg umaḍal-a mazal nezmer ad d-nelmed fell-asen aṭas n tγawsiwin. 


Sγur Griffin-Smith Ben 
Journal of Young Investigators, uḍḍun 16, 2008
Tasuqilt : Omar Mouffok (www.imedyazen.com) 
Taγbalut: http://www.jyi.org/features/ft.php?id=1084

Amagrad ay d-itteddun: 

Ivikingen deg Temrikt qbel Christophe Colomb (sɣur Stefan Anitei)

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Taftilt Taliktṛunit - Uḍḍun 1

Qqel ɣer usebter n umager.