Sγur Omar Mouffok

24 Tubeṛ 2010

Aṭas seg Yeqbayliyen ay d-yettasen seg Tmurt n Leqbayel ay d-irezzun γef temdint n Ldzayer, ladγa wid ay d-irezzun fell-as i tikkelt tamezwarut neγ wid ur nennum ttasen-d γer-s aṭas, wehhmen mi ara gren tamawt amur ameqran seg yimezdaγen n temdint n Ldzayer d Iqbayliyen neγ ssawalen neγ, meqqar, fehhmen taqbaylit.

Deg tidet, ahat gar 60 ed 70% seg yimezdaγen n temdint n Ldzayer d Iqbayliyen neγ laṣel-nsen seg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Aya d tidet ayyes steεṛifen ama d Iqbayliyen n Ldzayer, ama d « Aεṛaben » n Ldzayer. Yuγ lḥal, seg zik n zik ay tella temdint n Ldzayer teccuṛ d Imaziγen n Tmurt n Leqbayel, yerna aya yesεa snat n tsebbiwin s umata : tamezwarut, tamdint n Ldzayer (ay d-sbedden Yimaziγen Iẓnagen n twacult n Yiziriyen) teqreb γer Tmurt n Leqbayel. Tuddar timezwura n Tmurt n Leqbayel, ass-a, nezmer ad tent-id-nemlil yagi deg Tizi n Ayt Σica (Thenia) akked Yesser, yerna tuddar-a beεdent kan s wazal n 40 ar 50 n yikilumitren γef temdint n Ldzayer. D aya ay yejjan imesdurar Iqbayliyen, seg zik n zik, ad d-ttawḍen γer leswaq n temdint n Ldzayer yerna ad cerken ssuq ed yimezdaγen n temdint-a. Tis snat, Tamurt n Leqbayel d tama tamedrart (teccuṛ d idraren), yerna, nemgal (contrairement) i waṭas n tmiwa timedrarin niḍen n Ldzayer, Tamurt n Leqbayel seg zik teccuṛ d imezdaγen.

Deg tidet, nezmer ad d-nini Tamurt n Leqbayel d nettat ay d tama tamedrart tawḥidt deg tmurt n Ldzayer anda ay tejhed tneẓẓi (densité) n yimezdav’en, yerna γas akken d idraren iweεṛanen, maca myussaden deg-s medden, myussaden deg-s leεṛac ed tuddar arma ay ur d-teqqim ula d yiwet n terdast deg-s ur tettwazdeγ. Tasebba n waya teqqen γer umezruy, imi seg tallit taqburt, neγ seg wasmi ay bdan yibeṛṛaniyen ẓeddmen-d γef Tefriqt n Ugafa, Tamurt n Leqbayel, s yedraren-nnes, tella-d d arazuγ (refuge) i waṭas n lmujat n Yimaziγen ay d-irewlen γer-s. D acu kan, idraren deg wakk timiwa n umaḍal ttwassnen ur d-ttakfen aṭas n lxir, yerna ula mi ara ilin yimezdaγen-nsen drusit, idraren ur d-ttkafin akken ad sseccen akk imezdaγen-nni.

Γef waya ara nger tamawt, deg wakk timiwa n umaḍal, tudert deg wedrar tewεeṛ. Γas ma yella d takemmict kan n medden ara yeddren deg wedrar-nni, ad ten-naf nḥafen ugar n wid yeddren deg yizuγar, anef εad mi ara yili wedrar yessed d lγaci. Γef waya, seg zik n zik, i wakken ad d-kafin Yeqbayliyen iman-nsen, llan ttunagen γer tmiwa niḍen n Ldzayer neγ n Tmazγa. Dγa, imi tamdint n Ldzayer d tamdint irebḥen seg zik, Iqbayliyen llan ttunagen-d γer-s akken ad qedcen, yerna ibennayen iqbayliyen llan ttwassnen mliḥ deg tallit n Ṭṭerk, yerna uraren dduṛ d ameqran deg lebni n waṭas seg yexxamen n Teqṣebt (tamdint taqburt n Ldzayer).

D acu kan, bγiγ, da, ad d-qqleγ γer yiwet n tenqiḍt s wazal-nnes. Tamdint n Ldzayer s timmad-nnes d tamdint tamaziγt, imi d Imaziγen ay tt-id-yesbedden. D Buluγin U Ziri (ageldun n twacult taẓnagt n Yiziriyen) ay tt-id-yesbedden yerna yerra-tt d yiwen seg leswaq imeqranen n tegludna-nnes (principauté) deg lqern wis 10, γer tama n tmaneγt-nnes, Acir (deg tama n Σin Busif, deg Lemdeyya) akked temdint n Tmelyant (deg tama n Σin Ddefla n wass-a). Deg Tallit Talemmast, Iẓnagen (neγ ”Iṣenhajiyen”) llan d nitni ay yeṭṭfen idraren n Waṭlas Ablidi akked uzaγar n Mettijet, yerna llan ẓewren mliḥ deg tfellaḥt. D aya ay yejjan tamdint n Ldzayer ad tili d yiwen seg leswaq imeqranen seg wasmi ay d-tennulfa. S waya, Iqbayliyen (neγ Izwawen) n Tmurt n Leqbayel llan, war ccek, sεan assaγen udmisen (relations économiques) imeqranen akked Yeẓnagen n uzaγar n Mettijet. D acu kan, akked wakud, amur ameqran seg Yimaziγen Iẓnagen sṛuḥen iles-nsen amaziγ. Ass-a, d tikemmicin kan n medden ay mazal deg Waṭlas Ablidi ssawalen tamaziγt. Γas aṭas seg-sen usan-d γer temdint n Ldzayer yerna tneṣṣlen deg-s, maca werjin ssawalen s tmaziγt deg temdint-a. Llan daγen Yeqbayliyen n yedraren n Ḍahra (wid umi neγγar ass-a ”Icenwiyen”). Wi daγen ssawalen s tmaziγt ar ass-a yerna zedγen deg yedraren yellan deg utaram (lγerb) n temdint n Ldzayer (Tipaza, Cercal, Ḥejjuṭ, atg.). D acu kan, ula d wi qrib werjin ssawalen s teqbaylit mi ara ilin deg temdint n Ldzayer. S waya, γas ma yella idraren akk ay d-yezzin i temdint n Ldzayer llan ssawalen s tmaziγt arma ay d seg melmi kan, ala d Iqbayliyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel (Izwawen) ay mazal ṭṭfen s tidet deg yiles-nsen deg temdint n Ldzayer. Llan daγen kra n Yemẓabiyen deg Ldzayer, d acu kan, wi ttγimin-d drusit aṭas yerna ssawalen s yiles amaziγ ala gar-asen, dγa d aya ur ten-yettajjan ad d-banen deg lebḥeṛ-nni n lγaci n Ayt Ldzayer ay yessawalen s taεṛabt. 

Taqṣebt d nettat ay d aḥric aqbur akk n temdint n Ldzayer, yerna deg-s ay nezmer ad naf tiwaculin tiqburin akk ay tt-izedγen. Deg tallit n Yiteṛkiyen, imezdaγen ”ineṣliyen” n temdint n Ldzayer llan γvaren-asen ”Bni Mezγenna” (Ayt Mezγenna). Deg tidet, isem-a n ”Ayt Mezγenna” d win ay d-ikeccfen laṣel amaziγ n yemdanen-a war ccek. Ar ass-a, mazal lεeṛc n Ayt Mezγenna deg tama n ugafa-agmuḍan (nord-est) n twilayt n Lemdeyya, deg Waṭlas Ablidi (deg tama n Teblaḍt). Lεeṛc-a yettwaqqen γer teqbilt n Ayt Sliman (Bni Sliman), yerna tama-a ar ass-a mazal llan deg-s kra n yemγaren ay yessawalen tmaziγt. S waya, laṣel amaziγ n yimezdaγen ineṣliyen n temdint n Ldzayer ur d-yeggri fell-as ccek. D acu kan, Izwawen (Iqbayliyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel) iqburen akk ay yellan deg temdint n Ldzayer amur ameqran seg-sen d Ayt Uẓeffun. Yuγ lḥal, aya nezmer ad t-nefhem imi Aẓeffun tezga-d γef yiri n yilel (lebḥeṛ), yerna aṭas seg yimezdaγen-nnes d iḥewwaten. Dγa d aya ay asen-yessafessen seg zik ad d-ttawḍen γer temdint n Ldzayer.

D acu kan, imi d taεṛabt ay d iles aneγmar (dominant) deg temdint n Ldzayer n wass-a, amur ameqran seg Yeqbayliyen n Ldzayer ur ssawalen s teqbaylit. Deg tidet, lemmer kra yellan d Aqbayli deg Ldzayer ad yessawal ala s teqbaylit akked Yeqbayliyen niḍen, tili tamdint n Ldzayer ad tili d tamdint yessawalen s tmaziγt am Tizi Wezzu neγ Bgayet, yerna ur d-ttbanen deg-s ”Waεṛaben”. D acu kan, seg zik d taεṛabt ay icaεen, yerna d tin ay yesεan cciεa, dγa s waya, d nettat ay yettusseqdacen qrib deg yal amkan. Maca ugur netta ula d lεeqleyya n medden tbeddel gar zik ed wass-a. Zik, ula deg yiseggasen n 1980, cfiγ, yal tikkelt aydeg Aqbayli n temdint n Ldzayer ad d-yemlil Aqbayli niḍen yessnen taqbaylit, ama d Aw-Ldzayer neγ d Aw-Tmurt, ad yessiwel yid-s srid s teqbaylit. Maca ass-a, assaγen n Yeqbayliyen akked teqbaylit beddlen s waṭas.

Tamezwarut, yessekf ad nẓer qrib akk ilemẓiyen n twaculin tiqbayliyin ay d-ilulen yerna nekren-d deg temdint n Ldzayer ur ssawalen taqbaylit gar-asen, γas ma yella ssnen taqbaylit yerna imawlan-nsen ala s teqbaylit ay asen-ssawalen deg wexxam. Tikkal, nezmer ad naf deg yiwet n twacult yagi yemgerrad weswir n tmussni n teqbaylit seg ”tsuta γer tayeḍ”. Dγa ad naf igerdan imeqranen n twacult-nni ssnen taqbaylit mliḥ acku, war ccek, d nitni ay ixulḍen aṭas imawlan-nsen ugar, maca aymaten-nsen imeẓyanen ur tt-ssinen mliḥ, sakkin (yerna aya yella deg waṭas n twaculin), ad naf amaẓuẓ n twacult-nni ur yessin ula d yiwen n wawal s teqbaylit. Nnig waya, nger tamawt, deg twaculin n ṣṣenf-a, γas ma yella imawlan ssawalen ed warraw-nsen s teqbaylit, igerdan-nni akk ttemsawalen gar-asen s taεṛabt, ama deg wexxam, ama deg beṛṛa, dγa d aya ay yettajjan kra seg-sen, ladγa imeẓyanen-nni, ur ttessnen mliḥ taqbaylit.

Tin yernan γer-s, ass-a ula d ilemẓiyen ay d-yettasen seg Tmurt n Leqbayel akken ad zerwen (étudier) neγ ad qedcen deg temdint n Ldzayer tteddun-asen deg lebγi i Wayt Ldzayer Iqbayliyen yerna ssawalen yid-sen s taεṛabt. Zik, Iqbayliyen llan ur ḥemmlen mi ara ssawalen s teqbaylit i Weqbayli, maca aneggaru-a ad asen-d-yettarra s yiles niḍen (ama d taεṛabt neγ d tafṛensist), maca ass-a, nettwali γer yilemẓiyen Iqbayliyen simal qebblen ad ssiwlen ed Yeqbayliyen niḍen (yessnen taqbaylit !) s taεṛabt neγ s tefṛensist, γas akken ttruẓun ilsawen-a. Bitt llan, deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, ula d ilemẓiyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay yettajjan taqbaylit seg lqaεa, mi ara ilin deg Ldzayer, yerna kkaten akk ayen umi zemren akken ad ssiwlen s taεṛabt, γas ma yella aya ur yeggit aṭas γer Yeqbayliyen akken yegget γer Yimaziγen niḍen.

Aṭas seg Yeqbayliyen n Ldzayer ur llin d inekkaṛen n laṣel, yerna akken kan ara ẓren Aqbayli n Tmrut n Leqbayel yessawal-asen s teqbaylit, ad as-d-rren awal s lfeṛḥ d ameqran s teqbaylit, amzun i wakken ad d-sseknen ṭṭfen deg tneṣlit-nsen. D acu kan, nesḥissif imi assiwel-nni n teqbaylit ur t-ttkemmilen akken yimeddukal-nsen Iqbayliyen ay d-inekren deg Ldzayer, neγ, ladγa, akked wayt twaculin-nsen n Ldzayer ay yessnen taqbaylit. Acḥal d tikkal ay nezzem γef yimeddukal-nneγ n Ayt-Ldzayer ay yessawalen taqbaylit ala akked Yeqbayliyen ay d-yusan seg tmurt, sakkin, mi d-mlalen ed Yeqbayliyen n temdint n Ldzayer neγ aytmaten-nsen deg wexxam, ittetti yiles-nsen srid γer taεṛabt. Nessaweḍ ad nesseqneε kra ad ssawalen ala s teqbaylit ama akked wayt tmurt, ama akked wayt twaculin-nsen, yerna, s umata, nwala-ten ttuqennaεen s umenzay-a (principe) yerna ttḍafaren asemter-nneγ (nnaṣiḥa). D acu kan, yessekf γef wemdan dima ad ten-yettḍafar yerna ad yettḥettit fell-asen akken ur tteqqalen γer tnumi-nsen n tujjit n teqbaylit.

Llan daγen aṭas seg Yeqbayliyen n temdint n Ldzayer ur nessin ula d yiwen n wawal n teqbaylit, d acu kan, qrib d awezγi ad naf gar-asen win ay inekṛen laṣel-nnes aqbayli, yerna qrib akk beγγun ad lemden taqbaylit lemmer ad afen amek. Maca yessekf ad d-nini imi Iqbayliyen-a ur ssinen taqbaylit, aṭas n tγawsiwin ur ssinen γef yedles, ḍḍbayeε akked tnettit tamaziγt. D ayen ibanen, mi ur ittessen yiwen iles-nnes, aṭas n tγawsiwin ara as-iṛuḥen seg yedles-nnes. Nemgal (contrairement) n wid ay yettxemmimen yiwen yezmer ad yili d Amaziγ γas ma yessawal s tlatinit neγ s trusit, nekni nettwali s wallen-nneγ Iqbayliyen ur nessin ula d yiwen n wawal s teqbaylit (menγir ”azul”), aṭas ay ten-ixuṣṣen akken ad ddren timmuzγa ed teqbaylit-nsen akken yessekf.

Nettwali d lwajeb γef yal Aqbayli yessnen taqbaylit, ama d aw-tmurt, ama d aw-Ldzayer, ad yessawal ala s teqbaylit ama akked wayt wexxam-nnes, ama akked wakk wid yessen ssawalen s teqbaylit. Aya ad d-yerr ljehd-nnes i teqbaylit, ad tt-yejj ad tili d aferdis (élément) ijehden deg tnettit (identité) deg wul n yal Aqbayli (ed yal Amaziγ) deg tmurt-nneγ. Seg tama niḍen, mi ara ggten yemsiwlen n teqbaylit, mi ara d-yekcef yal imsiwlen n teqbaylit iman-nnes deg yal amkan, aya ad yejj taqbaylit/tamaziγt ad tesεu lmizan ẓẓayen ugar deg tmetti tadzayrit. Yif-it ma yella umelyun n medden yessawalen taqbaylit yal-as gar 4 n yimelyunen n wayt-Ldzayer, wala ma llan kra kan n yigiman (luluf) n yinelmaden akked yiqeddacen. Mi ara tili tmetti yessawalen taqbaylit/tamaziγt tban-d s taẓeyt yerna s ljehd deg tmetti tadzayrit s umata, aya ad aγ-yejj ad d-nḥettem tamaziγt deg tilawt timettit (réalité sociale) n tmurt-nneγ, yerna ur izemmer yiwen ad tt-yenkeṛ. D aya daγen ara asen-igen ifadden i waṭas n yemsiwlen n tmaziγt (ama d Iqbayliyen igugagem, ama d Imaziγen niḍen) ad qqlen ad ssawalen tamaziγt, ma d wiyaḍ, imsiwlen n taεṛabt, ad bγun ad tt-lemden akken ad msefhamen akked yimelyunen-a n medden yessawalen tamaziγt gar-asen, neγ, meqqar, ur ḥeqqren tamaziγt akken ay tt-ḥeqren yagi waṭas seg yemsiwlen-nnes.

D acu kan, nettḥettit imenγi i lmend n usseqneε n Yimaziγen akken ad ssawalen ala s tmaziγt gar-asen d win ay yessekf ad d-yili deg wenrar yerna war aḥbas. Imenγi-a ur yessekf ad d-yili s yiγil, s umennuγ akked weεtuṛ, wanag s yiberdan n leεqel ed ussefhem. Yenna-as yiwen n wanzi s tefṛensist: ”Ttugar anect ay d-yettawey yiles aẓidan wala anect ay d-yettawey yiγil”, neγ daγen ”Awal aẓidan werjin yedri iles”. Idzayriyen, ass-a, bdan ẓerren d tamaziγt ay d taneṣlit-nsen yerna ur telli trewla fell-as, ur zmiren ad tt-nekṛen. Iles-nsen atan deg wulawen-nsen, γas ma yella εerḍen kra ad ffren tafukt s uγerbal. Yeqqim-d kan fell-aγ ad ten-nenbec akken ad ssewliwlen ilsawen-nsen, ad d-neṭqen s tmaziγt-nsen.

Sγur Omar Mouffok (www.imedyazen.com)