Sɣur Yusuf Qaradawi

 

 

Acrak s Ṛebbi netta d mi ara yamen yiwen ed ad yeεbed aṭas n yiyucen (dieux). Lislam yettwali acrak s Ṛebbi d ay-n ur nettwaqbal ama deg ddin, ama deg leεqel:

 

”Lemmer d ay llin yiyucen (dieux) niḍen menγir Ṛebbi deg yigenwan, ad yili werway ama deg yigenwan neγ deg tegnit (lqaεa), maca ṣ̣ebḥan Ṛebbi, Bab n lεeṛc; yekka-d sennig way-n ay as-d-snulfan” (Taṣ̣uret n Al-Anbiya’ 21:22)

 

Akk-n ay nezmer ad nẓer deg laya-a, aṣ̣eggem n umaγrad (univers), amnekni (équilibre) n twennaḍt (environnelent) ed tdukli n Sidi Ṛebbi d ay-n yemṣ̣adan, d ay-n yeddan deg webrid n leεqel, wanag lemmer ad ilin aṭas n yiyucen (dieux), ur yettili yiwen n ṛṛay wala yiwen n leḥkem, dγa d ay-a ara yerwin kullec.

 

Deg Lislam, acrak s Ṛebbi d netta ay d abekkaḍ (leḥṛam) ameqran akk. Ma ur yutab bab-nnes, Ṛebbi ur as-t-yessuruf, yerna d netta ay d abekkaḍ awḥid ur yettsemmiḥ Ṛebbi deg wass n Uḥaseb. Akk-n ay d-yenna Leqran :

 

”S tidet, Ṛebbi ur yessuruf i win ara t-iεebbden ed ad iεebbed γer tama-nnes ay-n niḍen. Ad yessuref akk ay-n niḍen i win umi yehwa, ma d win ara as-igen icriken i Ṛebbi d win ay igan abekkaḍ (leḥṛam) ameqran” (Al-Nisa’, 4:48)

 

Ayγer ay tewεeṛ temsalt n wecrak anect-a akk ?

 

Llant aṭas n ssebbat γef way-a :

 

1. Acrak d netta ay d ssebba tameqrant akk ay yesseγlayen azal ed yiseγ n wemdan

 

Amdan d netta ay d amexluq yifen akk wiyaḍ ay d-yexleq Ṛebbi, imi ay t-id-yexleq “s talγiwin tiεlayanin” (Al Tin 95:4). D netta ay d axlif deg tegnit (lqaεa) (d win ay iwekkel Ṛebbi akk-n ad t-yessers deg tegnit ed ad yeg deg-s lxir ama i waytmaten-nnes, ama i yimexluqen niḍen). Sakk-in amdan yeγli ”seddaw n wid yellan ddaw” (95:5), imi ay yerra iyucen (dieux) niḍen d icriken n Ṛebbi, iεebbed-iten akk-n ay iεebbed Ṛebbi.

 

”Σebdem Ṛebbi i yiman-nnes, ur as-ttgem icriken, imi win ara as-igen icriken i Ṛebbi, am win ay d-yeγlin seg yigenni, dγa ḥewsen-t yegḍaḍ, neγ yuwey-it waḍu γer mebεid” (Al-Ḥajj 22: 31)

 

2- Acrak d aẓar n cceṛ ed tneflusin*

*superstition

 

D acrak ay d ssebba ay yessawaḍen medden ad amnen s tzemmar n yijenniwen, leṛwaḥ ed kra n yemdanen. Kra n medden ttamnen llan wid ay izemren ad ẓren ay-n ara yeḍrun deg yimal (futur) neγ zemren ad ḥekmen deg kra n tedyanin akk-n ad ḍrun neγ ur ḍerrunt. Maca ay-a akk yezmer ad yejj medden ad ttgen cceṛ ed ad ttgen tiγawsiwin ur nemεin, d tid ay d-yekkan seg lqella n tmussni.

 

3. Acrak s Ṛebbi yessawaḍ γer lbaṭel

 

Lbaṭel netta mi ara as-tekkseḍ azref-nnes (lḥeqq) i yiwen neγ ad tedduḍ yid-s s tḥeqranit, ur tεeddleḍ gar-as ed wiyaḍ. Win ara icekkṛen ed ad iεebbed iyucen (dieux) ur nesεi akk kra n tezmert, ur nezmir akk ad ḥekmen tudert-nnes, amdan ittettu d Ṛebbi kan ṣ̣ebḥan-s ay yettalasen ad yettwaεbed.

 

”Mi as-yenna Luqman i memmi-s, mi yella ineṣ̣ṣ̣eḥ-it “A memmi ! Ur as-tteg icriken i Ṛebbi. Yuγ lḥal, acrak d lbaṭel ameqran” (Luqman, 31:13)

 

4. Acrak d ssebba n ucewwel n tnefsit ed tugdi Imi win ay icerrken s Ṛebbi yettamen s tzemmar n yiyucen (dieux) yemgerraden ay iεebbed, dima ittedder deg tugdi, deg wakud (lweqt) ay d Ṛebbi kan ay yuklalen ad t-agaden medden, imi akk imexluqen niḍen d Netta ay ten-id-ixelqen yerna seddaw n leḥkem-nnes ay llan. ”Ad d-nesseγli lweḥc γef wulawen n wid ur numin acku ttgen-as icriken i Ṛebbi war ma yekfa-asen-d Ṛebbi kra n ttbut (γef yecriken-a)” (3:151)

 

5. Win ara icerken s Ṛebbi ur yettawey lḥasanat deg Laxert

 

Wid ay icerrken s Ṛebbi yesḥaṛṛem Ṛebbi fell-asen ljennet.

 

”Yuγ lḥal, reggmen Ṛebbi wid ay d-yettinin Ṛebbi d Σisa memmi-s n Meryem, wanag Σisa yenna-d ”A arraw n Isṛayil ! Σebdem Ṛebbi, Mass-inu ed Mass-nwen”. Kra n win ara iεebden iyucen (dieux) niḍen ed Ṛebbi, Ṛebbi ad yesḥaṛṛem fell-as ljennet, yerna d times ara yilin d axxam-nnes” (5:72)

 

LEṢNAF N WECRAK

 

Llan sin n leṣ̣naf n wecrak s Ṛebbi. Yiwen deg-sen d acrak ameqran, ma d wayeḍ d acrak amecṭuḥ.

 

Acrak ameqran d ddenb ameqran akk, d win ur yessuruf (ur yettsemmiḥ) Ṛebbi, yerna kra n win ara yemmten yerna ur yutab seg wecrak am wa, ur izemmer ad yekcem γer ljennet.

 

Acrak amecṭuḥ netta d win ay tikkal, amdan ur as-yettḥulfu, itteg-it s kra n tigawin (actions), ur asent-igir tamawt d acrak s Ṛebbi, yerna lemmer ad ikemmel wemdan deg wecrak amecṭuḥ, ay-a yezmer “ad t-yessuffeγ” akk seg liman.

 

ACRAK AMEQRAN

 

Llan sin n leṣ̣naf n wecrak ameqran

 

1. Acrak ameqran ibanen

 

Acrak-a netta mi ara yeεbed wemdan yiwen n uyuc (dieu) neγ aṭas n yiyucen γer tama n Sidi Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s). Iyucen-a zemren ad ilin seg yal ṣ̣ṣ̣enf, ed ad sεun yal talγa (forme) : d tiγawsiwin n umaγrad (univers), d iγersiwen (lḥiwan), d leṛwaḥ, d ijenniwen neγ d imdanen, am yesfresba (prêtres), igelliden neγ imḍebbren niḍen.

 

2. Acrak ameqran uffir

 

Acrak am wa yebḍa γef sin n leṣ̣naf :

 

* Mi ara yettẓalla yiwen ed ad ideεεu i yimexluqen niḍen menγir Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s)

 

Am lawliyya iṣ̣elḥen, imdanen yemmuten, lejdud, atg. Kra n medden ttinin-d mi ara ttẓallan ed ad deεεun i yemdanen-a, ay-a ur yebγi ad d-yini εebbden-ten. Maca Lislam yettḥettit-d win ara yeẓẓallen neγ ad yedεu i kra, d aεbad ay t-iεebbed (ẓer afeṣ̣ṣ̣er n tṣ̣uret n Al-Mu’minun :60).

 

* Mi ara yeddu yiwen s lqanun ay d-iga wemdan menγir ma iquder lqanun ay d-iga Ṛebbi

 

Ay-a ttekkan deg-s akk leqwanin ay iḥekkmen tudert n wemdan. Asḥiṛṛem ed ussiḥell, ed ccṛeε n temsal n yemdanen d Ṛebbi kan ay yettḍebbiren deg-sen. Γef leḥsab n Lislam, win ara as-yaγen awal i yiwen ed ad ixalef awal n Ṛebbi, amzun iεebbed win akk-n umi yuγ awal.

 

ACRAK AMECṬ̣UḤ

 

Llan aṭas n leṣ̣naf n wecrak amecṭuḥ. Mi ara as-nsemmi “amecṭuḥ”, yebγa ad d-yini acrak-a d win yellan d uffir ugar, yewεeṛ ugar akk-n ad as-naki.

 

Ṣṣ̣enf-a n wecrak yewṣ̣ef-it-id Umazun (nnbi, taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) :

 

”Acrak amecṭuḥ d uffir ugar n (wesxerxec) n tikli n tweḍḍuft taberkant γef weẓru aberkan deg tillas (ḍḍlam) n yiḍ aberkan”.

 

Γef way-a, Inselmen yessekf ad ssinfen ed ad ḥadren leḥder ameqran seg leṣ̣naf n wecrak-a, imi ay yessekf ad nẓer yiwet n tγawsa s wazal-nnes : ṣ̣ṣ̣enf amecṭuḥ akk n wecrak yezmer ad d-yeglu i bab-nnes aεaqeb yugaren win n leḥṛam ameqran akk deg Lislam. Win ara igen kra n tigawt (action) n wecrak, ama d ameqran neγ d amecṭuḥ, yezmer ad yessiweḍ iman-nnes alama ur iqebbel Ṛebbi lxedma-nnes deg Laxert, ama telha, ama diri-tt.

 

Kra seg leṣ̣naf icaεen n wecrak amecṭuḥ nitni :

 

* Tagallit s yismawen niḍen menγir isem n Ṛebbi Ay-a llan ttgen-t aṭas Waεṛaben n tallit n Umazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as). Llan zik ttgallan s yisem n Lkeεba, s yismawen n lejdud-nsen, neγ daγen s yismawen n yemsemmuden (idoles) ay llan εebbden, am Al-Latta, Al-Uzza, ed wiyaḍ. Ay-a d acrak imi tagallit s wemdan neγ s tγawsa niḍen menγir Ṛebbi d ay-n yettajjan amdan ad yekf tazmert ed wazal ameqran i umexluq-nni ay yes yeggul, yili amexluq-a ur ten-yesεi, imi ala Ṛebbi ay d Bab n Tezmert yerna ala Netta ay d azedgan, ur ittecceḍ, ur yeskiddib. Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-d :

 

”Win ara yeggallen s way-n niḍen menγir Ṛebbi, yecrek yerna yekfeṛ”.

 

* Ad teqqneḍ kra n tγawsa ay yes ara tamneḍ ”ad k-tḥudd seg cceṛ”

 

Ta daγen d taγawsa ay llan ttgen-tt Waεṛaben n zik, yerna ass-a mazal ttgen-tt aṭas n medden. Llan medden ay itteqqnen kra n yizebgan, izraren ed tira (leḥruz), yerna ttamnen tiγawsiwin-a zemrent ad rrent fell-asen ijenniwen neγ leṛwaḥ n diri, ed ten-ḥuddent seg tiṭ ed cceṛ, ed asen-d-awyent zzheṛ. Limam Ḥmed yules-d γef Umar ibn Ḥusayn :

 

”Yiwet n tikkelt, Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as), yeẓra yiwen n wergaz yeqqen yiwen n uzebg awraγ, dγa yetter-it : ”D acu-t wa ?”. Argaz-nni yenna-as : ”Ta d al-wahina (d taγawsa ay yesseḍεafen ijenniwen ed way-n ara d-yawyen lmaḍerra)”. Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-as : “Kkes-itt ! Deg tidet, taγawsa-a ur ak-trennu deg wacemma menγir aḍḍan. Lemmer ad temmteḍ yerna teqqneḍ-tt, ur tettafeḍ lehna i lebda”.

 

Aεeyyen-a ay d-iεeyyen Umazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) d ay-n ay aγ-d-yesskanen yessekf ad nerwel γef akk leṣ̣naf n wecrak ed ad as-nergel akk tiwwura ay seg yezmer ad aγ-yaf abrid.

 

* Ad tgeḍ, ad tettekkiḍ neγ ad tamneḍ s kra n ṣ̣ṣ̣enf n useḥḥer (ula d iḥeckulen, awalen n useḥḥer, tasnitrit [astrologie], atg.

 

Ay-a yenna-t-id Umazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) deg wawal-nnes :

 

”Llan tlata n leṣ̣naf n medden ur nkeccem γer ljennet : win ittessen, win ay yesteεṛifen s useḥḥer ed win ay igezzmen gar tasa ed way turew”. (Yules-it-id Aḥmad ed Ibn Ḥabban).

 

Tasnitrit (astrologie) tettekka deg wecrak-a, imi Amazun (nnbi - taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-d :

 

”Win ara yettekkin deg weḥric n tesnitrit (astrologie), yettekka s tidet deg useḥḥer” (Yules-it-id Abu Dawud)

 

Maca ay-a ur yesḥaṛṛem γef medden asseqdec n yetran deg uṣ̣afer deg yilel (lebḥeṛ) neγ deg tmurt.

 

* Ad tamneḍ s ugezzen

 

Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-d yiwet n tikkelt :

 

”Win ara yeddun γer ugezzan, ad t-yetter ed ad t-yamen, ad yeqqim ṛebεin n wussan ur ttwaqbalent tẓilla-nnes”. (Yules-it-i-d Muslim)

 

Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yerna yenna-d :

 

”Win ara yeddun γer ugezzan ed ad t-yamen, yettusemma yekfeṛ s way-n ay d-yessader Ṛebbi”. (Yules-it-id Abu Dawud)

 

* Ad tamneḍ s yir lfal

 

Wa d mi ara yebγu yiwen ad yeg kra, sakk-in ad yebṭel ay-nni acku yeẓra neγ iḥulfa s kra n licaṛa yellan d yir lfal. Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-d :

 

”Win ara ibeṭlen ay-n ay yebγa ad t-yeg γef ljal n yir lfal, yecrek s Ṛebbi”.Iṣ̣ḥaybiyen nnan-as : “D acu-tt tkeffaṛt-nnes ?” (D acu ara yeg akk-n ad as-yessuref Ṛebbi ?). Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as) yenna-asen : “A Ṛebbi, ur d-ittekk kra n lxir ala sγur-k, yerna ur d-ittekk kra n cceṛ ala sγur-k. Yuγ lḥal, ur yelli uyuc (dieu) niḍen menγir-ik”. (Yules-it-id Lilam Ḥmed).

 

* Ad tεebdeḍ Ṛebbi γef taṭṭiwin n medden

 

Wa d mi ara iεebbed yiwen akk-n kan ad t-cekṛen medden neγ ad t-ssnen iεebbed, neγ mi ara iεebbed yiwen i wakk-n kan ad yaweḍ γer kra n yeswi (but) deg umaḍal (ddunit).

 

* Ad tqebbleḍ ay-n ay yura Ṛebbi

 

Wa d mi ara yagi wemdan ay-n ay yura Ṛebbi yerna yella yettuḥettem ad yeḍru, am win ara d-yinin lemmer d ay igi ay-a ed way-a, tili ur iḍerru way-n yeḍran.

 

* Ad tekkeḍ i tlisa deg uqader ed tririt n tejmilt i yimazunen (nnbiyat), imḍebbren yeddan deg webrid n Ṛebbi ed limamat

 

Ay-a yessaweḍ medden alama ay d-snulfan timeγriwin ed yeεbaden akk-n ad rren tajmilt i yemdanen-a, dγa qqlen bennun-asen iẓekwan, ttcebbiḥen-ten, ssaγayen-asen tiftilin ed ttawḍen alama εebbden iẓekwan-nsen.

 

* Ad tesqedceḍ awalen imsullsen (ambigus) ay deg yezmer ad yili wecrak Am mi ara d-yini wemdan ”S yisem n Ṛebbi ed yisem n way-a ed way-a” (am yisem n kra n yemḍebber), neγ ad tekfeḍ isem yellan n Sidi Ṛebbi kan i kra n tγawsa, neγ ad tneεleḍ ay-n ay d-yexleq Ṛebbi.

 

Akk-n ad iweḥḥed yiwen Ṛebbi (ad yamen yiwen n kan n Ṛebbi ay yellan), yerna ad yessizdeg aknay (soumission) ay yekna seddaw n leḥkem n Ṛebbi, yessekf :

 

* Ad yejj aεbad n kullec menγir Ṛebbi, yerna ur yettarra tajmilt i kra neγ i yiwen akk-n ay yettarra tajmilt i Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s). Kra n way-n umi ttarran tajmilt ed ttakfen-as azal ameqran am Ṛebbi yessekf ”ad t-id-ssersen seg lεeṛc-nnes”. Leqran yenna-d : “Ur nεebbed ala Ṛebbi war ma nga-as icriken, yerna ur nettarra wiyaḍ d iyucen (dieux) menγir Ṛebbi”. (3:64)

 

* Ur ttarra acemma d amḥaddi-nnek neγ d ay-n ara ak-d-yawyen lxir menγir Ṛebbi ṣ̣ebḥan-s, ed t-tḥemmleḍ am wakk-n ara tḥemmleḍ Ṛebbi ṣ̣ebḥan-s ”Gar medden, llan wid ay iεebbden wiyaḍ menγir Ṛebbi yerna ḥemmlen-ten am wakk-n ara ḥemmlen Ṛebbi” (2:165) Aεṛaben imezwura, γef umedya (lemtel), llan ḥemmlen ed εebbden imsemmuden (idoles) ed yemḍebbren-nsen, am wakk-n llan ttagaden ed tthabin-ten. Aḥemmel ed tugdi am ti yessekf ad ttunekfen kan i Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s).

 

* Ur steεṛif s win ara ak-d-igen leqwanin ixulfen wid n Ṛebbi, yerna ur ttaγ awal i yiwen akk-n ay as-tettaγeḍ awal i Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s) Deg tidet, win ay yettḍebbiren deg wakk timsal n yemdanen netta d Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s). D Netta kan ay yessnen taxelqit-nnes xir n yal yiwen. D Netta ay iḥemmlen taxelqit-nnes xir n wakk-n ay tt-iḥemmel yal yiwen, yerna yeẓra d acu ay yelhan ed wacu ay diri i yemdanen-nnes, yeẓra d acu ara ten-inefεen ed way-n ara ten-iḍurren. Leqran yenna-d kra n win ara yefrun ccṛeε s ṛṛay ixulfen win n Ṛebbi (ṣ̣ebḥan-s) neγ Amazun (taẓallit ed sslam n Ṛebbi fell-as), d win ay yeffγen seg liman ed yuγ-as awal i cciṭan (ẓer taṣ̣uret n Al-Nisa’ 60-61). Yessekf ad nexemmem ed ad nẓer llant aṭas n tfexxtin deg tmetti-nneγ (société) ay izemren ad aγ-ssiwḍent γer kra n ṣ̣ṣ̣enf seg leṣ̣naf n wecrak s Ṛebbi. Yerna nekni s Yinselmen, yessekf ad nḥader, ur nettḍafar iberdan n wid ur nettamen. Yessekf ad nesseddu tudert-nneγ deg webrid n Lislam n tidet, ad neḍfer ddin-nneγ s webrid iṣ̣eḥḥan ed ad nili nuki i tfexxtin n wecrak ay aγ-yettwandin deg yal amkan deg umaḍal-a (ddunit).

 

Sγur Yusuf Qaradawi

The Meaning of Tawheed (Malay translation by Pustaka Salam) 1987

 

Taγbalut : http://sta.uwi.edu/clubs/uwiis/files/Shirk_Polytheism.doc

Tasuqilt sγur Omar MOUFFOK

 

 

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Amagrad ay d-itteddun: 

 

Ssi Muḥ U Mḥend - Asefru sɣur Mokrane Mariche

 

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Qqel ɣer wegbur : 

 

Taftilt Taliktṛunit - Uḍḍun 1

 

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Qqel ɣer usebter n umager. 

 

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